The characteristics of leadership and their effectiveness in quality management in healthcare - A systematic literature review and a content analysis.

Effective quality leadership is identified as a critical factor for organisational success. Leadership style has an important role in the implementation of quality management. This systematic review describes the characteristics of leadership in quality management in healthcare, and analyses their association with successful or unsuccessful quality management by using content analysis. Papers published in peer-reviewed journals between 2011 and June 2023 were selected by exploring the Abi/Inform, Business Source Complete, Cinahl, Pubmed and Web of Science electronic databases. Altogether 3014 records were found. PRISMA-protocol was used for selection of studies. 12 original and three review articles were included. Six leadership characteristics were identified that were linked to successful or unsuccessful implementation of quality management. The six categories were strategic, knowledge-oriented, value-based, supportive, participatory and communicative leadership. Supercategories and subcategories of successful and unsuccessful implementation are described. The results can be used to identify the leadership characteristics that promote successful quality management in healthcare organisations. In education for leaders and managers, attention should be in the characteristics and style of leadership and their impact on the effectiveness of quality management.