‘X-Currents’ and Extreme Brightening in Dayside Aurora

Solar-terrestrial interaction is a dynamic process that manifests itself in the ionosphere. Interplanetary (IP) shocks or solar wind dynamic pressure pulses can generate enhanced brightening in dayside aurora. Foreshock transients are capable of inducing pressure changes, larger in magnitude than solar wind pressure pulses, which also contribute to intensifying dayside aurora. These pressure variations can accelerate particles into the ionosphere, generating field-aligned currents that produce magnetic impulse events and enhanced dayside auroral activity with periods of increased brightening. This study presents several dayside auroral brightening events that are not associated with IP shocks or solar wind dynamic pressure pulses. The dayside auroral brightening events are associated with a green (557.7 nm) to red (630.0 nm) ratio which is greater than 15. These extreme brightening events (EBEs) begin on the eastern or western end of a pre-existing dayside auroral arc. Periodic pulses of enhanced brightening are correlated with large sharp increases in the X-component (points toward the north-geographic pole) from ground magnetometers in the IMAGE network. EBEs occur predominately before magnetic noon and with X-component signatures from high-latitude stations. Ground-based data were obtained from the Kjell Henriksen Observatory in Longyearbyen and the IMAGE magnetometer network.