Solar fusion III: New data and theory for hydrogen-burning stars
arxiv(2024)
Abstract
In stars that lie on the main sequence in the Hertzsprung Russel diagram,
like our sun, hydrogen is fused to helium in a number of nuclear reaction
chains and series, such as the proton-proton chain and the
carbon-nitrogen-oxygen cycles. Precisely determined thermonuclear rates of
these reactions lie at the foundation of the standard solar model. This review,
the third decadal evaluation of the nuclear physics of hydrogen-burning stars,
is motivated by the great advances made in recent years by solar neutrino
observatories, putting experimental knowledge of the proton-proton chain
neutrino fluxes in the few-percent precision range. The basis of the review is
a one-week community meeting held in July 2022 in Berkeley, California, and
many subsequent digital meetings and exchanges. Each of the relevant reactions
of solar and quiescent stellar hydrogen burning is reviewed here, from both
theoretical and experimental perspectives. Recommendations for the state of the
art of the astrophysical S-factor and its uncertainty are formulated for each
of them. Several other topics of paramount importance for the solar model are
reviewed, as well: recent and future neutrino experiments, electron screening,
radiative opacities, and current and upcoming experimental facilities. In
addition to reaction-specific recommendations, also general recommendations are
formed.
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