Optimization design of plugging agent dosage and application of deep shale gas inner-diversion fracturing

China boasts abundant deep shale gas resources with considerable development potential. However, the weak brittleness and large horizontal stress contrast of deep shale rock may restrain the complex fractures network extension during hydraulic fracturing. To address this challenge, the inner-diversion fracturing technique is widely employed, facilitating the formation of a complex fractures network. Numerous theoretical studies emphasize the pivotal role of plugging pressure exerted by temporary plugging agents within fractures in enhancing deep shale stimulation performance. However, various types of temporary plugging agents with different plugging performances make it difficult to determine the optimal dosage of temporary plugging agents before fracturing operation. This study considered the dynamic propagation of fractures affected by the coupling of the induced stress from clustered fractures and the fluid pressure within the fractures into the mathematical model, based on rock mechanics theory. Subsequently, the inner-diversion capability testing instrument was utilized to evaluate the critical plugging pressure of several common temporary plugging materials. By integrating on-site data from temporary plugging and inner-diversion fracturing operations in the Southern Sichuan deep shale gas reservoir with this approach, the optimal dosage of temporary plugging agents in the operational scheme was refined. The fracturing operation curves demonstrate that the temporary plugging and inner-diversion pressure significantly increased after pumping the temporary plugging agent, indicating the hydraulic fractures successful plugging and a large-scale complex fractures network extension. This underscores the potential effectiveness of the temporary plugging dosage optimization method for inner-diversion fracturing. Furthermore, this study not only provides important guidance for optimal design but also mitigates the operational risks of inner-diversion fracturing in deep shale gas horizontal wells.