Video Watermarking Scheme Resistant to Rotation and Collusion Attacks

In this paper, a blind watermarking algorithm is proposed for Moving Picture Experts Group 4 (MPEG-4) videos, which is perceptually invisible and robust against rotation and collusion attacks. The goal is achieved by (1) embedding the watermark in discrete cosines transform domain (DCT) of luminance channel. The rotation invariance property of Complex Zernike moments is exploited to predict the rotation angle of the video at the time of extraction of watermark bits, (2) design of the scheme is done in such a way that the embedding blocks will vary for the successive frames of the video. A pseudo random number (PRN) generator and permutation vector are used to achieve the goal. This makes the scheme robust to collusion attack. Simulation results have shown the validity of the above claims.