Vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers for compact atomic sensors

The design features of 8XX nm-range vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers for providing single-mode and polarization-stable lasing, narrowing the spectral linewidth of laser emission and achieving high modulation bandwidth are considered The special intra-cavity contacted design and the rhomb-shaped oxide-confined aperture can simultaneously provide single-mode output optical power above 1 mW, fixed polarization direction, emission linewidth below 50 MHz and modulation bandwidth more than 5 GHz.