Use of recycled carbon fibre as an additive in the manufacture of porous bricks more durable against salt crystallization

Within the framework of the Sustainable Development Goals of the Agenda 2030, the circular economy is being promoted as a means of ensuring a sustainable use of resources and a reduction in the amount of waste produced. The aim is to reduce the demand for often scarce raw materials through the continuous reuse, recycling and regeneration of materials and products. This paper explores the use of carbon fibre from wind turbine blades as an additive in the production of new efficient bricks. Clay mixes with 0, 5 and 10 wt% additive were fired at three temperatures (800, 950 and 1100 degrees C) and the fired bricks were analysed from mineralogical and physical points of view to determine their suitability for use in the construction industry. The results show that carbon fibre improves the durability of the bricks, which became 16 % more porous as the firing temperature increased. However, the compressive strength of the bricks with 10 wt% carbon fibre was about 50 % lower than that of the control bricks made without additive. It is interesting to note that the distribution of the carbon fibres within the brick varies considerably and that they are shorter and wider in the core of the samples. These results could offer an alternative line for new product development in the brick industry. The bricks tested here are an example of a circular economy in which waste from one industrial process (wind turbine blades) is reused as an input in another (brick manufacture). The environmental benefits achieved are twofold: reduced demand for clay and recycling of decommissioned turbine blades, which are currently amassed in wind turbine graveyards.