An updated distribution list of Leptophlebiidae Banks, 1900 (Ephemeroptera: Insecta) for Piaui state

Leptophlebiidae is the second most diverse family within Ephemeroptera, with species distributed across various States in Brazil, but with gaps in distribution records in others. Currently, nine species of Leptophlebiidae are recorded for the state of Piaui. Based on this information gap, the objective of this study was to present an updated species list of the family Leptophlebiidae new occurrence records and distributional sites for the state of Piaui, Brazil. By analyzing 447 specimens, we have significantly expanded our knowledge about the distribution of Leptophlebiidae species in the state of Piaui, increasing the recorded species from nine to 17. We have also added new occurrence records for six species and, for the first time, documented the presence of four genera. It is important to highlight that there is still an extensive area within the Cerrado and Brazilian semiarid regions where the occurrence of Ephemeroptera is unknown, confirming that the diversity in this area is underestimated and that knowledge of Ephemeroptera species and their distributions can expand with increased sampling efforts in the coming years, reducing the Linnean and Wallacean shortfall regarding this group. Our results also demonstrate the urgent need for inventories in the southern part of the state of Piaui, particularly in the sub-basins of the middle and upper Parnaiba river, which are considered suitable for monoculture expansion in Brazil.