Interphase Nuclei, Karyotypes and Nuclear DNA Amounts in Five Species of Oenocarpus (Arecaceae)

The genus Oenocarpus Martius, 1823 (Arecaceae) includes five species commonly used in Amazonia, especially for their fruits. Little is known about the cytogenetic characteristics and DNA amounts of these species, except for O. bataua (Martius, 1823). This study characterized and compared the types of interphase nuclei, the chromosome sets, and estimated the nuclear DNA amounts of Oenocarpus bacaba (Martius, 1823), O. bataua, O. distichus (Martius, 1823), O. mapora (H. Karsten, 1857) and O. minor (Martius, 1823). Standard cytogenetic analyses and estimates of the nuclear DNA amount by flow cytometry were carried out. These are the first reports of chromosome numbers and DNA amounts, except for O. bataua, as is the description of the chromatin distribution in interphase nuclei and karyotype for all species. All species presented 2n = 36, confirming the previous report for O. bataua. Differences between karyotype formulas and the positioning of secondary constrictions were observed. There were no significant differences for the nuclear DNA amounts among species. The constancy in chromosome number and variations in karyotype formulas suggest the occurrence of chromosome rearrangement as an important mechanism in Oenocarpus speciation.