Distribution of Fidelity in Quantum State Transfer Protocols
arxiv(2024)
Abstract
Quantum state transfer protocols are a major toolkit in many quantum
information processing tasks, from quantum key distribution to quantum
computation. To assess performance of a such a protocol, one often relies on
the average fidelity between the input and the output states. Going beyond this
scheme, we analyze the entire probability distribution of fidelity, providing a
general framework to derive it for the transfer of single- and two-qubit
states. Starting from the delta-like shape of the fidelity distribution,
characteristic to perfect transfer, we analyze its broadening and deformation
due to realistic features of the process, including non-perfect read-out
timing. Different models of quantum transfer, sharing the same value of the
average fidelity, display different distributions of fidelity, providing thus
additional information on the protocol, including the minimum fidelity.
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