Interactions between eagles and semidomestic reindeer: lessons learned from field surveys and deterrents
arxiv(2024)
Abstract
Predation by eagles on semi-domesticated reindeer (Rangifer tarandus) is an
emerging human wildlife conflict in Fennoscandia. Both the Golden (Aquila
chrysaetos) and the White-tailed eagle (Haliaeetus albicilla) are believed by
herders to predate on reindeer, however, there is a considerable knowledge gap
regarding extent of predation and scavenging by each species, and their
distribution and behaviour within the reindeer herding areas. Lethal and
non-lethal methods have been suggested to reduce this conflict with eagles. We
developed this project to fill the existing knowledge gaps by investigating the
patterns of eagle abundance before, during, and after reindeer calving in a
herding district in northern Sweden, and testing the effect of two potential
deterrents (air ventilators and rotating prisms) in diverting eagles away from
reindeer calving areas. During the single study period, we made 12, 47, and 17
eagle observations before, during, and after calving respectively. Out of these
observations, 34 were of Golden eagles, 33 of White-tailed eagles, and for 9
observations the species could not be confirmed. Eagle abundance increased
during calving and decreased again after calving ended. No attacks by eagles on
calves were observed. The odds of observing eagles were significantly higher in
the control area compared to areas with deterrents. More sub-adults were
observed during calving, and both species were present in the area. The extent
of predation was difficult to infer using direct observations and deterrents
seem to show promise in diverting eagles away from calving grounds. These
studies should be replicated to get a general picture of the issue and testing
the efficiency of deterrents in diverting eagles away from reindeer across
reindeer herding districts.
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