Cystic adrenal mass revealing a pheochromocytoma in the setting of multiple endocrine neoplasia: A case report

Pheochromocytoma, a neuroendocrine tumor, represents a rare medical condition characterized by the excessive secretion of catecholamines. These tumors often exhibit distinctive features on imaging studies, notably appearing hypervascular. Furthermore, they may present as cystic masses with thin walls, a characteristic that becomes more evident following the administration of contrast medium. The cystic form of adrenal pheochromocytoma, as exemplified in our case, is particularly uncommon, thus underscoring the importance of recognizing its atypical presentation. Accurate diagnosis hinges on a thorough understanding of both the clinical manifestations and radiological findings suggestive of pheochromocytoma. However, definitive confirmation typically necessitates histological examination of the surgical specimen post-adrenalectomy. By shedding light on this rare variant, our case emphasizes the critical role of comprehensive diagnostic approaches in managing such complex medical conditions. Additionally, it underscores the significance of multidisciplinary collaboration among clinicians, radiologists, and pathologists to ensure timely and accurate diagnosis, ultimately guiding appropriate treatment strategies and optimizing patient outcomes.