Physical storage in conformal composite tanks presents clear advantages over material-based solutions for hydrogen-powered aerospace applications

Hydrogen is gaining traction as a promising alternative fuel in aviation due to its high energy density per unit mass and eco-friendly characteristics. This study delves into the realm of physical and material-based hydrogen storage tailored for aeronautical purposes. Key hurdles include achieving substantial hydrogen storage capacities, ensuring safety standards, aligning with aircraft design specifications, optimizing round-trip energy efficiency, and overcoming constraints regarding weight and volume. Various material-based storage technologies, including metal hydrides, carbon-based materials, and innovative nanostructured materials, have been explored, albeit at a fundamental stage. However, the transition from these initial material-centric investigations to the development of functional fuel tank systems is yet to be realized. Conversely, conformal graphene-based composite tanks present a promising solution for hydrogen storage in aircraft. Their flight readiness represents a significant milestone in the quest to decarbonize aviation and mitigate the environmental impact of air travel.