Effect of volume ratios on the novel Solanum lycopersicum leaf extract-mediated production of ZnO and Co₃O₄ nanoparticles for potential antifungal applications

Antimicrobial infectious disease has become a major problem in the world. It has been found as its continual distribution is at extremely frightening rate. The most curable technique is the design and synthesis of effective nano-based drugs as green alternative. In this study, ZnO and Co3O4 nanoparticles (NPs) were produced from their precursor salts in the volume ratios of 1:3, 1:1, and 3:1 with Solanum lycopersicum leaf as a capping and reducing agent. Characterizations were performed using TGA/DTA, XRD, SEM, TEM, HRTEM, SAED, UV-Vis, and FTIR techniques. After 450 degrees C and 500 degrees C, ZnO and Co3O4 NPs were found to be thermally stable, respectively. For the ZnO and Co3O4 NPs in 1:3, 1:1, and 3:1 volume ratios, respectively, their average crystalline sizes were 51, 20, 29 and 26, 21 and 28 nm. The degree of crystallinity is confirmed by SEM in conjunction with TEM-HRTEM, and SAED. Among the numerous volume ratios, Co3O4 (1:3) and Co3O4 (1:1) showed 100% promised activity against Alternaria solani pathogen. Antimicrobial infectious disease has become a major serious problem in the modern world. It has been found as its continual distribution is at an extremely frightening rate. The most curable technique for this worldwide issue is the design and synthesis of effective nano-based drugs as green alternative solutions. In this study, ZnO and Co3O4 nanoparticles (NPs) were produced from their respective precursor salts in the volume ratios of 1:3, 1:1, and 3:1 with Solanum lycopersicum leaf as a capping and reducing agent. Characterizations were performed using TGA/DTA, XRD, SEM, TEM, HRTEM, SAED, UV-Vis, and FTIR techniques. After 450 degrees C and 500 degrees C, greenly synthesized ZnO and Co3O4 NPs were found to be thermally stable, respectively. For the ZnO and Co3O4 synthesized in 1:3, 1:1, and 3:1 volume ratios, respectively, their average crystalline sizes were 51, 20, 29 and 26, 21 and 28 nm. The degree of crystallinity is confirmed by SEM examination in conjunction with TEM-HRTEM, and SAED. Among the numerous volume ratios, Co3O4 (1:3) and Co3O4 (1:1) showed 100% promised activity against Alternaria solani pathogen.