Brain Metastases: Comparing Clinical Radiological Differences in Patients with Lung and Breast Cancers Treated with Surgery

Purpose Brain metastases (BMs) most frequently originate from the primary tumors of the lung and breast. Survival in patients with BM can improve if they are detected early. No studies attempt to consider all potential surgical predictive factors together by including clinical, radiological variables for their recognition. Methods The study aims to simultaneously analyze all clinical, radiologic, and surgical variables on a cohort of 314 patients with surgically-treated BMs to recognize the main features and differences between the two histotypes. Results The two groups consisted of 179 BM patients from lung cancer (Group A) and 135 patients from breast cancer (Group B). Analysis showed that BMs from breast carcinoma are more likely to appear in younger patients, tend to occur in the infratentorial site and are frequently found in patients who have other metastases outside of the brain (46%, p = 0.05), particularly in bones. On the other hand, BMs from lung cancer often occur simultaneously with primitive diagnosis, are more commonly cystic, and have a larger edema volume. However, no differences were found in the extent of resection, postoperative complications or the presence of decreased postoperative performance status. Conclusion The data presented in this study reveal that while the two most prevalent forms of BM exhibit distinctions with respect to clinical onset, age, tumor location, presence of extra-cranial metastases, and lesion morphology from a strictly surgical standpoint, they are indistinguishable with regard to outcome, demonstrating comparable resection rates and a low risk of complications.