Exploring the potential of synthesizing unknown superheavy isotopes via cold-fusion reactions based on the dinuclear system model
arxiv(2024)
Abstract
To assess the potential of cold-fusion for synthesizing superheavy nuclei
(SHN) with proton numbers 104-113, we systematically calculated 145 naturally
occurring projectile-target combinations within the DNS model. Reactions
predominantly show maximum cross-sections in the 1n to 2n channels, peaking
near the Coulomb barrier with a sum of barrier and Q-value within 30 MeV. The
maximum cross-section occurs below the Bass barrier, suggesting either the Bass
model's limitation or significant deformation reducing the effective Coulomb
barrier. Our calculations align well with experimental data, revealing that
more neutron-rich projectiles slightly enhance fusion, though the effect is
minor. For fixed targets (Pb, Bi), evaporation residue cross-sections decrease
linearly with increasing projectile proton number, attributed to reduced fusion
probability and lower fission barriers in heavier SHN. The touching potential
V_ in shows a linear trend with the product of projectile-target proton
numbers, with neutron-rich systems exhibiting lower V_ in. Some
reactions with V_ in < V_ S may involve nucleon transfer before
capture. Based on the DNS model, we identified optimal combinations and
collision energies for synthesizing SHN with significant cross-sections.
Collectively, our findings indicate that cold fusion is a promising avenue for
creating proton-rich SHN around the drip line in the Z=104-113 region, offering
distinct advantages over alternative mechanisms.
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