Feasibility of utilizing recycled concrete aggregate blended with waste tire rubber and drywall waste as pavement subbase material

As a developing nation, Pakistan faces financial obstacles in road construction, which is essential for economic growth but costly. A sustainable approach to address environmental concerns involves using recycled materials in road construction. The construction industry has largely overlooked recycling despite the significant amount of debris generated during construction and demolition. Repurposing materials from building and demolition activities, such as rubber from tires and drywall waste, can serve as viable materials for subbase layers in roads. These recycled materials can improve road quality and performance while mitigating environmental and health risks associated with stockpiling and disposal. This research evaluates the physical and mechanical properties of recycled concrete aggregates (RCA) combined with drywall waste (DW), waste tire rubber (WTR), and quarry dust (QD) for flexible pavement subbases. The study investigated the effect of adding 0.5