Effect of Apheresis Plasma Donation on Plasma Uric Acid Levels, the Lipid Profile, and Major Plasma Proteins in Plasma Donors in China: A Multicenter, Prospective Cohort Study

Abnormal plasma uric acid (UA) levels, the lipid profile, and plasma proteins in blood are associated with a range of adverse health outcomes. This multicenter, prospective cohort study aimed to determine the possible effects of multiple apheresis plasma donations on plasma UA levels, the lipid profile, and major proteins in plasma donors. Participants were enrolled from 1 April 2021 to 31 August 2022. When their plasma UA (men: >420 µmol/L, women: >360 µmol/L) and/or lipid levels (total cholesterol [TC]: ≥6.2mmol/L, triglycerides [TGs]: ≥2.3mmol/L, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol: ≥4.1mmol/L, or high-density lipoprotein cholesterol [HDL-C]: <1.0mmol/L) were abnormal at their first plasma donation, the enrolled participants were followed up until they had completed 10 plasma donations. A total of 11485 participants were enrolled, of whom 1861 met the inclusion criteria. During the study period, 320 donors completed 10 plasma donations. None of the participants took any corrective medicine for their abnormal index. The measured parameters were significantly different from the first to the tenth plasma donations (donors with asymptomatic hyperuricemia: UA, P<0.001; donors with asymptomatic hyperlipidemia: HDL-C, P<0.001; TC, P=0.025; TGs, P<0.001; apolipoprotein B, P=0.025; all of the plasma donors, immunoglobulin G, P<0.001). The levels of HDL-C, TC, and apolipoprotein B were increased, and the levels of UA, TGs, and immunoglobulin G were decreased over this time. However, immunoglobulin G levels were still in the normal range. Moreover, the changes in these parameters were closely associated with the frequency of plasma donation during the study period. Repeated apheresis plasma donations can reduce plasma UA and TG levels and increase HDL-C levels; and further evaluation of the clinical significance with a larger sample size is required.