Health survey on anxiety, depression, and stress in Afghanistan: A large-scale cross-sectional survey study

Abstract Background: The present cross-sectional survey study examined the mental health of Afghans living under the Taliban government. It examined the underlying factors associated with depression, anxiety, and stress. Methods: Between June 5, 2023 and February 12, 2024, a cross-sectional study was conducted among the Afghan population in three key regions of Afghanistan. Data were collected using a pretested structured questionnaire. Logistic regression models were employed to explore the relationship between socio-demographic characteristics and depression, anxiety, and stress among 2,698 participants. Results: The prevalence of (i) depression was 72.05%, (ii) anxiety was 71.94%, and (iii) stress was 66.49%. Multiple regression analysis indicated that gender (being female), economic status (being poor), residency (living in rural areas), education level (being illiterate), being a cigarette smoker, and having experienced a traumatic event during the past month were significantly associated with depression, anxiety and stress. Conclusion: The mental health crisis in Afghanistan is a complex and urgent issue that requires a comprehensive and compassionate response. The findings of the present study show very high levels of anxiety, depression, and stress, most likely reflecting the profound impact of recent political, social, and economic changes. Notably, a significant majority of participants, particularly females and individuals above 35 years of age, reported severe to extremely severe mental health symptoms.