Observation of Generalized t-J Spin Dynamics with Tunable Dipolar Interactions
arxiv(2024)
摘要
Long-range and anisotropic dipolar interactions profoundly modify the
dynamics of particles hopping in a periodic lattice potential. Here, we report
the realization of a generalized t-J model with dipolar interactions using a
system of ultracold fermionic molecules with spin encoded in the two lowest
rotational states. We systematically explore the role of dipolar Ising and
spin-exchange couplings and the effect of motion on spin dynamics. The model
parameters can be controlled independently, with dipolar couplings tuned by
electric fields and motion regulated by optical lattices. Using Ramsey
spectroscopy, we observed interaction-driven contrast decay that depends
strongly both on the strength of the anisotropy between Ising and spin-exchange
couplings and on motion. These observations are supported by theory models
established in different motional regimes that provide intuitive pictures of
the underlying physics. This study paves the way for future exploration of
kinetic spin dynamics and quantum magnetism with highly tunable molecular
platforms in regimes challenging for existing numerical and analytical methods,
and it could shed light on the complex behaviors observed in real materials.
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