Harnessing energy from hand-shaking vibration for electronics through a magnetic rolling pendulum bistable energy harvester

Converting the kinetic energy of human movement into electricity provides a solution for the power supply of portable electronics for communication, medical treatment, positioning, search-and-rescue, etc. Due to the characteristics of high sensitivity and snap-through, a magnetic rolling pendulum bistable energy harvester (MRP-BEH) based on magnetic-spring mechanism is proposed for scavenging energy from handshaking vibration. The harvester possessing the advantage of small damping exploits the rolling oscillation of a suspended magnet. By establishing the electromechanical model, numerical outcomes of the MRP-BEHs with different potential well depths are investigated through the response under constant and sweep frequency excitations. Particularly, the complex dynamic behaviors are characterized by basins of attraction and bifurcation diagrams. A prototype is fabricated, and experiments are undertaken under harmonic and handshaking excitations. Experimental results are consistent with numerical simulations, and excitation of 0.5 g witnesses a broadband frequency range from 5.18 Hz to 10.02 Hz for the harvester with proper system parameters. Regarding the excitation of handshaking, an instantaneous maximum power of 21.9 mW and an average power of 4.21 mW is achieved with matched load resistance. By boosting the output voltage with a transformer, the charging and discharging experiments of capacitors for powering various electronics demonstrate the broad application prospects of the harvester. This research, in a nutshell, broadens the methodology for achieving bistable oscillation and introduces a fresh perspective for designing high-efficiency energy harvesters attuned to human motion.