Pixel Antenna Design for mm-Wave Wireless Communications to Achieve Wide Scanning

In this paper, we illustrate the feasibility of achieving extensive scan capabilities through the integration of a pixel antenna into a radiating matrix, designed for millimeter-wave communications. The antenna element is a combination of a capacitively coupled patch antenna and a partially reflective surface, that operates in the frequency range between 27 GHz and 29 GHz. With the integration of a linear matrix, we can achieve a scan range from $-74^{\circ}$ to $+74^{\circ}$ . In an 8 $\times 8$ matrix, the scan range extends from $-63^{\circ}$ to $+63^{\circ}$ in the $\phi=0^{\circ}$ -plane and from $-57^{\circ}$ to $+57^{\circ}$ in the $\phi=90^{\circ}$ -plane, with only a 3 dB scan loss. The planar matrix is arranged in a triangular grid, which significantly reduces mutual coupling with adjacent elements when compared to the regular grid.