Nacre-like Carbon Fiber-reinforced Biomimetic Ceramic Composites: Fabrication, Microstructure, and Mechanical Performance

The unique structure of nacre is composed of 'bricks' and 'mortar,' which gives it excellent damage resistance. In this study, nacre-like bionic ceramic scaffolds were 3D-printed using vat photopolymerization (VPP) technology, filled with polymer, and reinforced with carbon fiber to create high-strength and high-toughness carbon fiber-reinforced bionic composites. This approach leverages additive manufacturing technology to easily overcome the challenges of fabricating complex bionic structures with a simple and flexible production process. It offers a practical method for developing other lightweight, high-strength, and tough bionic materials. The microstructure of the composites was observed using scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectroscopy. Additionally, finite element method and molecular dynamics simulations were performed on the composites. The results indicate that the composite material increased the flexural strength by 293.52% and the fracture toughness by 109.36% compared to solid ceramic parts. The primary toughening mechanisms of carbon fiber include crack deflection, fiber "pull-out," and "debonding" within the composite.