Sustainable Energy Planning and Integration for District Heating Systems: A Case Study in Nineveh Province, Iraq

The study explores the feasibility and benefits of implementing solar-based district heating systems in Nineveh Province of Iraq, prompted by an anticipated 10% rise in heating demand by 2030. Geographic analysis reveals that over 74% of the region is well-suited for solar district heating, emphasizing the province considerable potential for solar energy utilization. Employing a methodological approach, we devised five scenarios varying in sustainability and efficiency for the district heating system. The results highlight a significant potential for reducing the Total Primary Energy Supply (TPE) by 23.5% and CO2 emissions by 39.96% under the optimal Scenario 5, in contrast to a Business as Usual (BAU) scenario. A sensitivity analysis further examines the influence of different parameters on system performance, reinforcing the importance of adaptive and sustainable energy planning. The main contribution of this study lies in its comprehensive evaluation of solar-based district heating in the province, offering a viable strategy for reducing energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions. This study not only addresses the urgent need for efficient energy solutions in response to rising heating demands but also sets a precedent for integrating renewable energy systems in urban planning. The novelty of this work resides in its detailed analysis of the province solar heating potential and the practical implications of its findings, which are crucial for policymakers and urban planners committed to advancing sustainable energy initiatives.