Stability of the front wall and the horizontal behavior of composite reinforced-earth retaining walls

The aim of this study was to introduces a composite reinforced-earth retaining wall (CRERW) with eco-friendly front walls resembling natural slopes, as an aesthetic alternative to concrete walls. By addressing the weaknesses of conventional reinforced-earth walls, such as bulging, the proposed CRERW offers improved safety and stability. Field tests over 14 months confirmed the safe behavior of the reinforced soil, whereas numerical analysis validated the structural stability. With its flexible nature, the CRERW provides an economical and efficient solution for repairing and reinforcing mountain slopes and urban geotechnical structures.