Recent Trends in Photocatalysts with Dual-Reaction Sites for Solar Driven Reactions: Fundamental Design Principles and Applications

The term "dual reaction sites photocatalyst" refers to a type of photocatalyst that spatially separates the redox reaction. Photocatalysts possessing dual reaction sites exhibit superior characteristics concerning carrier separation and rapid transfer rates, attributed to the separation of redox sites. Based on the outstanding performance of photocatalysts with dual reaction sites, various types of dual reaction sites have been developed for the purpose of pollutant removal and energy conversion. The present paper provides a comprehensive review of the fundamental principles and existing configurations of photocatalysts with dual reaction sites. The construction techniques for dual reaction sites on various foundations were presented, and a comparison of their respective merits and drawbacks was conducted. The utilization of photocatalysts with dual reaction sites in the degradation of pollutants, water splitting, and CO2 reduction is reviewed. Finally, the current problems and development direction of dual reaction site photocatalysts are discussed. The expectation is that this review will offer reference for the development of highly efficient and extensively employed dual reaction sites photocatalysts.