Nonlocal order parameter of pair superfluids
arxiv(2024)
摘要
Order parameters represent a fundamental resource to characterize quantum
matter. We show that pair superfluids can be rigorously defined in terms of a
nonlocal order parameter, named odd parity, which derivation is experimentally
accessible by local density measurements. As a case of study, we first
investigate a constrained Bose-Hubbard model at different densities, both in
one and two spatial dimensions. Here, our analysis finds pair superfluidity for
relatively strong attractive interactions. The odd parity operator acts as the
unique order parameter for such phase irrespectively to the density of the
system and its dimensionality. In order to enforce our finding, we confirm the
generality of our approach also on a two-component Bose-Hubbard Hamiltonian,
which experimental realization represents a timely topic in ultracold atomic
systems. Our results shed new light on the role of correlated density
fluctuations in pair superfluids. In addition, they provide a powerful tool for
the experimental detection of such exotic phases and the characterization of
their transition to the normal superfluid phase.
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