Associations between cardiometabolic indices and the risk of diabetic kidney disease in patients with type 2 diabetes

This study was designed to assess the associations between emerging cardiometabolic indices—the atherogenic index of plasma (AIP), the stress hyperglycemia ratio (SHR), the triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index, and the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR)—and the incidence of diabetic kidney disease (DKD) in type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients. We consecutively enrolled 4351 T2D patients. The AIP, SHR, TyG index, and HOMA-IR were calculated from baseline parameters. DKD was defined as a urine albumin/creatinine ratio > 30 mg/g or an eGFR < 60 mL/min per 1.73 m. All participants were categorized into tertiles based on the cardiometabolic indices. Multivariate logistic regression models, restricted cubic splines, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used for analysis. A total of 1371 (31.5