Comparative analysis of single and paired metal hydrides based thermal energy storage system

This study aims to determine which thermal energy storage (TES) system is most suited for a concentrated solar power (CSP) plant. The question is which the best TES system, whether utilizing a single metal hydride or employing dual metal hydrides with or without reaction heat recovery via phase change material (PCM). The authors noted that no studies have been conducted to address this question thus far. Consequently, the primary aim of this paper is to compare three different TES systems in order to ascertain the viability, efficacy, and performance of the appropriate TES system. The examined TES systems included: (i) TES system 1, based on a single metal hydride tank coupled to a hydrogen tank through an H2 compressor; (ii) TES system 2, based on paired metal hydride tanks without recovering reaction heat; and (iii) TES system 3, based on paired metal hydride tanks incorporating a PCM for reaction heat recovery. To simulate and evaluate the performance of the three TES systems under various operating conditions, a mathematical model and computer program were created and successfully verified. By examining into their thermodynamic performance and practical viability, this study attempts to provide the strengths and limitations of each system. A comparison of the three TES systems' performance indicators indicates that the TES system 1 has the potential to provide a specific power output of 500.8 W/kg of alloy, which is 50.1 % and 76.4 % greater than the TES systems 2 and 3, respectively. With a volumetric storage capacity of 755 MJ/m3, the TES system 2 outperforms the other two TES systems by around 40 %. The TES system 3 can operate with 85.9 % energy storage efficiency. This efficiency is 30.3 % higher than that of the TES system 1 and 10.2 % higher than that of the system 2. Ultimately, the decision to choose either a TES system based on a single metal hydride or one involving paired metal hydrides is hinges on the specific requirements, limitations, and priorities of the TES system under consideration.