Applications of Mobile Health Technologies to Address Cardiometabolic Health Disparities in the United States: A Systematic Review.

Introduction:Black and Hispanic adults are disproportionately burdened by cardiometabolic disorders. The aim of this systematic review was to examine the effectiveness of mobile health technologies to promote disease prevention and self-management among US adults in diverse communities. Methods:Potential studies were identified using a comprehensive search of the PubMed and EMBASE databases for recent studies published from December 2018 through 2021. Keywords and search strategies were established to focus on health disparity populations and the application of mobile health technology for cardiovascular disease risk reduction. Titles and abstracts were assessed and, if a study was eligible, 2 independent reviewers completed a full-length review with extraction in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Results:A total of 13 studies met our inclusion criteria. Study sample sizes ranged from 8 to 533 baseline participants. Studies were conducted in diverse communities (eg, North Carolina and California). Most studies used mobile applications (n=11) and a majority used accelerometers or similar technologies (eg, smartwatches) to assess changes in dietary behavior, blood pressure control, and physical activity. Overall, studies reported positive associations between mobile technology use and risk factor reduction actions and behaviors. Long-term adherence varied across studies. Those that prioritized culturally tailored approaches reported more significant impacts than those that did not. Conclusions:Evidence suggests that mobile technology may be useful in promoting disease self-management and risk reduction among populations at higher risk of cardiometabolic diseases. The use of mobile health technologies, particularly when tailored to target populations, may be a practical approach to advancing population health equity.