Massive peritoneal inclusion cyst with secondary abscessation

Peritoneal inclusion cysts are rare intra-abdominal cystic lesions of controversial pathogenesis and nomenclature. Postulated to be of neoplastic or reactive origin, they are characterised by progressive expansion and variable symptomatology in classically reproductive-aged females. Local recurrence is frequent while malignant transformation is plausible. Herein, we review a presentation of a massive peritoneal inclusion cyst with secondary abscessation and septic shock in a 58-year-old female, reviewing the available literature to highlight the potential acuity of this pathology, the standard of surgical care, and the need for caution by treating surgeons in its evaluation as an entirely benign process.