The LHCb VELO Upgrade Module Construction
arxiv(2024)
摘要
The LHCb detector has undergone a major upgrade for LHC Run 3. This Upgrade I
detector facilitates operation at higher luminosity and utilises full-detector
information at the LHC collision rate, critically including the use of vertex
information. A new vertex locator system, the VELO Upgrade, has been
constructed. The core element of the new VELO are the double-sided pixelated
hybrid silicon detector modules which operate in vacuum close to the LHC beam
in a high radiation environment. The construction and quality assurance tests
of these modules are described in this paper. The modules incorporate 200 \mum
thick, n-on-p silicon sensors bump-bonded to 130 \nm technology ASICs. These
are attached with high precision to a silicon microchannel substrate that uses
evaporative CO$_2$ cooling. The ASICs are controlled and read out with flexible
printed circuits that are glued to the substrate and wire-bonded to the chips.
The mechanical support of the module is given by a carbon fibre plate, two
carbon fibre rods and an aluminium plate. The sensor attachment was achieved
with an average precision of 21 $\mathrm{\mu m}$, more than 99.5\% of all
pixels are fully functional, and a thermal figure of merit of 3
\mathrm{Kcm^{2}W^{-1}}$ was achieved. The production of the modules was
successfully completed in 2021, with the final assembly and installation
completed in time for data taking in 2022.
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