Cosmic-Ray Propagation Models Elucidate the Prospects for Antinuclei Detection
arxiv(2024)
摘要
Tentative observations of cosmic-ray antihelium by the AMS-02 collaboration
have re-energized the quest to use antinuclei to search for physics beyond the
standard model. However, our transition to a data-driven era requires more
accurate models of the expected astrophysical antinuclei fluxes. We use a
state-of-the-art cosmic-ray propagation model, fit to high-precision antiproton
and cosmic-ray nuclei (B, Be, Li) data, to constrain the antinuclei flux from
both astrophysical and dark matter annihilation models. We show that
astrophysical sources are capable of producing 𝒪(1) antideuteron
events and 𝒪(0.1) antihelium-3 events over 15 years of AMS-02
observations. Standard dark matter models could potentially produce higher
levels of these antinuclei, but showing a different energy-dependence. Given
the uncertainties in these models, dark matter annihilation is still the most
promising candidate to explain preliminary AMS-02 results. Meanwhile, any
robust detection of antihelium-4 events would require more novel dark matter
model building or a new astrophisical production mechanism.
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