IoT-Enabled Advanced Water Quality Monitoring System for Pond Management and Environmental Conservation

The preservation of aquatic ecosystems and the availability of drinkable water sources depends on the protection of water quality. This is especially true about bodies of water such as ponds. Traditional monitoring techniques frequently require a significant investment of resources and have a restricted application, which has prompted the investigation of more effective technologies. We present a unique wireless acquisition system for monitoring real-time water quality that makes use of the Arduino (ESP32) microcontroller. This system allows us to collect data in real-time. This cutting-edge technology collects data from a variety of pond locations utilizing three individual sensors to perform remote measurements of three critical parameters: turbidity, TDS, and pH. The integration of the system with an aquatic boat enables complete sampling from the center as well as the sides of the pond, which is a significant step forward in terms of innovation. The collected information, which may include pH, turbidity, and TDS readings, is uploaded to the cloud so that it may be evaluated in real-time using the AquaSpecs app. The effectiveness of the proposed system has been proven by deployment in four ponds in Chhattisgarh; these ponds are named Birkona Pond, Budha Pond, Dagania Pond, and Kushalpur Pond. This deployment demonstrates the system's potential for effective water quality monitoring and management. Using the proposed water quality monitoring system, it was found that the Birkona pond was the cleanest pond having average values of pH, TDS, and Turbidity were 6.23,196.75 and, 8.83 respectively. Budha pond was found highly polluted pond having average values of pH, TDS, and Turbidity were 13.30, 544.18, and, 34.89 respectively. The proposed system is also compared with recent water quality monitoring systems and achieves a higher score. Sensor errors were also very low in the proposed system when compared with traditional approaches, which makes it suitable for monitoring water quality.