Greenhouse gas emission mitigation from rice through efficient use of industrial and value-added agricultural wastes: a review

Globally, enormous amounts of agricultural wastes, primarily rice straw (731 million tons), and industrial wastes (basic slag, phosphogypsum, and fly ash from the steel, fertilizer, and coal industries, respectively) are produced annually. The air pollution and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions linked to climate change and global warming are caused by the burning of rice straw and the disposal of these industrial wastes. As rice fields significantly contribute towards global GHGs emissions (approximately 9–13