Biochemical Platelet Markers of Cognitive Impairment in Alzheimer’s Disease

There is an increase in the prevalence of different cognitive disorders, including Alzheimer’s disease (AD), which determines the relevance of searching for methods of early diagnosis of neurodegenerative diseases. Therefore, an active search for various peripheral biomarkers goes on, and the assessment of these biomarkers has to be carried out by a standardized and available methods in real clinical practice. Due to development of hypothesis about the similarity of biochemical and physiological processes in platelets and neurons, more and more attention is paid to investigation of possibility of using different structural and functional platelet parameters as biomarkers for different neurological diseases. In the current review, there is a description of the main platelet characteristics and their changes at the cognitive impairment: peripheral aspects of amyloidogenesis and tau protein formation, synthesis and metabolic shifts of active substances, microRNA deregulation, as well as dysfunction of enzymes and proteins that can be used to develop diagnostic tests for early detection of AD.