Development of chitosan by using a zeolite-supported CaO derived from waste chicken eggshell to remove Acid Red 1 dye from the aqueous solution

ZSM-5 zeolite modified with acetic acid eggshell and chitosan was impregnated in three distinct proportions. As nanocomposites (NCs), the purpose of the composites was to adsorb Acid Red 1 dye (AR-1) from an aqueous solution. The characterization of chitosan@CaO/zeolite NCs included (CHT)1@(CaO/ZT)1, (CHT)1.5@(CaO/ZT)1, and (CHT)1@(CaO/ZT)1.5, as determined by FTIR, XRD, EDX, BET, TGA, and UV-Visible absorption spectroscopy. In a bulk system, the adsorption of the AR-1 dye onto (CHT)1@(CaO/ZT)1.5 was analyzed in terms of solution temperature, pH, contact time, and NCs dosage. The most favorable parameters for achieving efficient dye adsorption were: a pH of 2, an adsorbent dosage of 0.05 g/25 mL of dye solution, and 20 mg/L of dye concentration at 22 degrees C temperature. The reaction reached equilibrium after 120 min. The estimated adsorption efficiency of the AR-1 dye by the prepared NCs is 99.70%. The mechanism by which the dye was sequestered onto (CHT)1@(CaO/ZT)1.5 was exothermic. The correlation coefficient (R2) for the pseudo-second-order adsorption kinetic model held true at different temperatures with a value of 0.99, indicating that the model accurately described the chemical interaction between the adsorbent and Acid Red (AR-1). Adsorption processes are characterized as exothermic, feasible, and spontaneous when the Gibbs free energy (Delta G degrees) and enthalpy (Delta H degrees) changes have negative values, respectively. It was determined that the Langmuir model best described the isotherm behavior of AR-1 dye adsorption onto (CHT)1@ (CaO/ZT)1.5. Under ideal conditions, the surface was found to be homogeneous and had a maximum adsorption capacity (qm) of 84.03 mg/g.