Soft Photon Heating: A Semi-Analytic Framework and Applications to 21cm Cosmology
arxiv(2024)
摘要
The presence of an abundant population of low frequency photons at high
redshifts (such as a radio background) can source leading order effects on the
evolution of the matter and spin temperatures through rapid free-free
absorptions. This effect, known as soft photon heating, can have a dramatic
impact on the differential brightness temperature, Δ T_ b, a
central observable in 21cm cosmology. Here, we introduce a semi-analytic
framework to describe the dynamics of soft photon heating, providing a
simplified set of evolution equations and a useful numerical scheme which can
be used to study this generic effect. We also perform quasi-instantaneous and
continuous soft photon injections to elucidate the different regimes in which
soft photon heating is expected to impart a significant contribution to the
global 21cm signal and its fluctuations. We find that soft photon backgrounds
produced after recombination with spectral index γ > 3.0 undergo
significant free-free absorption, and therefore this heating effect cannot be
neglected. The effect becomes stronger with steeper spectral index, and in some
cases the injection of a synchrotron-like spectrum (γ = 3.6) can
suppress the amplitude of Δ T_ b relative to the standard model
prediction, making the global 21cm signal even more difficult to detect in
these scenarios.
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