Uncontrolled vaping and restraint strategies: A qualitative study

Introduction: Little is known about uncontrolled vaping, defined as vaping more than the user prefers. We sought to understand e-cigarette users ' experiences with uncontrolled vaping and how they restrain their vaping. Methods: Participants were 24 US adult e-cigarette users recruited in 2021. We conducted semi-structured qualitative interviews about uncontrolled vaping and restraint strategies and analyzed findings based on behavioral categories described in the Process Model of Self-Control. Results: While most participants (21 of 24) described experiences of uncontrolled vaping, some expressed ambivalence about how much they vaped. To restrain vaping, willpower was rarely used and was not perceived as effective. Distraction , deployment of attention away from the urge to vape, and reappraisal , thinking differently about vaping such as reminding oneself of health consequences, were common and helped some participants limit use in the moment of wanting to vape. Participants described using both s ituation selection , choosing to be in situations where e-cigarette use was less possible, and situation modification , modifying their circumstances to restrict opportunities to vape. Discussion: Uncontrolled vaping is not yet a well-defined concept for many e-cigarette users. E-cigarette users employed proactive situational strategies that required planning ahead to restrain use and found these strategies more effective compared to reactive strategies. Tobacco control programs and interventions should consider leveraging restraint strategies that people who vape are naturally using and perceive to be effective.