Calidad de agua en términos físico-químico-metales en tres sitios contrastantes del río Conchos en Chihuahua, México

espanolEn el estado de Chihuahua predominan los ecosistemas aridos y semiaridos, por esta razon, el recurso agua es considerado como primordial. El objetivo fue determinar la calidad del agua en terminos fisico-quimico-metales en tres sitios contrastantes del rio Conchos: antes (escorrentia), en la presa (almacenada) y despues (liberada). Se colectaron un total de 80 muestras aleatorias de agua; 30 en la localidad de Valle de Zaragoza (VZ), 20 en la presa La Boquilla (PB) y 30 en la localidad de San Francisco de Conchos (SFC). Se cuantificaron los parametros de temperatura (T), solidos disueltos totales (SDT), potencial hidrogeno (pH), conductividad electrica (CE) y los siguientes metales y metaloides: Al, As, B, Cd, Pb, Se, Ca, Cr, Cu, Co, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, Ni, Si y Zn. Se realizo un analisis de varianza (ANOVA) y la prueba de Tukey para la comparacion de medias y se considero un nivel de significancia de 0.05 (α=0.05). Los resultados no mostraron diferencias para pH (VZ= 8.53; PB= 8.60; SFC= 8.42) pero si para T (VZ= 17.5° C; PB= 14.2° C; SFC= 15.2° C), CE (VZ= 0.33 μS cm-2; PB= 0.18 μS cm-2; SFC= 0.18 μS cm-2) y SDT (VZ= 273.90 mg/l-1; PB= 0.33 mg/l-1; SFC= 259.8 mg/l-1). Los elementos As, Ag, Cd no fueron detectados y la concentracion de Al, B, Ca, Cr y Mg fue diferente entre sitios, pero no para Mn, Na, Pb, Se, Cu, Fe, K, Ni, Si y Zn. Se concluye que el agua bajo estudio es segura con fines agropecuarios y desde el punto de vista ecologico. EnglishThe state of Chihuahua is located in a geographic region where half of the State is considered to be a semiarid or arid environment; for this reason, the water resource is a fundamental necessity. The objective was to determine the water quality in terms of physical-chemical-metals parameters at three location points of the Conchos river; before being captioned in the dam and after being captioned. A total of 80 random samples were collected; thirty randomly water samples were collected in Valle de Zaragoza (VZ), 20 samples in the Boquilla dam (PB) and 30 samples in San Francisco de Conchos (SFC). The measured parameters were temperature (T), total dissolved solids (TDS), hydrogen potential (pH), electrical conductivity (EC) and the following metals and metalloids; Al, As, B, Cd, Pb, Se, Ca, Cr, Cu, Co, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, Ni, Si y Zn. An analysis of variance (ANOVA) was conducted for each parameter and when statistical difference between locations was found, the Tukey´s test was performed. In all cases a significance level of 0.05 was considered (α= 0.05). The results did not show statistical differences for pH (VZ= 8.53; PB= 8.60; SFC= 8.42) but differences were noted for T (VZ= 17.5° C; PB= 14.2° C; SFC= 15.2° C), EC (VZ= 0.33 μS cm-2; PB= 0.18 μS cm-2; SFC= 0.18 μS cm-2) and TDS (VZ= 273.90 mg/l-1; PB= 0.33 mg/l-1; SFC= 259.8 mg/l-1). The elements As, Ag, and Cd were not detected and the concentration for Al, B, Ca, Cr, and Mg was different due to locations but not for Mn, Na, Pb, Se, Cu, Fe, K, Ni, Si and Zn. It is concluded that the water of the study area is safe for irrigation as well as for ecological purposes.