Diagnostic significance of bronchoalveolar lavage galactomannan assay in invasive aspergillosis: A comprehensive analysis

Background: In critically ill and immunocompromised patients, diagnosing invasive aspergillosis (IA) is crucial. This study focuses on theGalactomannan (GM) Antigen Test. The study categorizes GM-positive patients into two groups based on bronchoalveolar lavage fluid GM levels: Group 1 (GM index >1.5) and Group 2 (GM index >0.5-1.5). Aim: This study aims to investigate the association between GM levels in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and clinical outcomes in IA patients, specifically focusing on mortality rates. Additionally, the study explores the role of C-reactive protein (CRP) levels, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and chronic kidney disease (CKD) as key risk factors for IA. Methods: Patients with GM-positive results were divided into Group 1 and Group 2 based on GM index levels. The study assessed age, sex distribution, and mortality rates in these groups. Results: While there were no significant differences in age and sex distribution between Group 1 and Group 2, a higher mortality rate was observed in Group 1, aligning with established clinical expectations. The study highlights the importance of categorizing GM interpretations based on these two groups. CRP levels, along with comorbidities like type 2 diabetes mellitus and CKD, emerged as key risk factors for IA. Conclusion: This research emphasizes the significance of GM levels in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid as a prognostic indicator for IA, especially when categorized into GM index groups. The study contributes valuable insights into mortality rates and identifies CRP levels, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and CKD as crucial risk factors. These findings enhance our understanding of IA diagnostics and risk stratification.