Catalytic enhancement of biomass-derived furfural via Knoevenagel condensation using Ru/Al2O3-ZrO2 catalyst for sustainable synthesis of value-added chemicals

This study explores an innovative biorefinery approach, synergizing state-of-the-art biomass conversion technologies to concurrently produce energy and valuable chemicals from abundant and renewable biomass feedstocks. Employing Ru/Al2O3-ZrO2 catalyst, Knoevenagel condensation yielded a remarkable 96% product yield with nearly 100% furfural conversion at room temperature and a short reaction duration. The research extends its scope by investigating time and temperature dependencies, optimizing the process for sustainability. Demonstrating versatility, the strategy accommodates various substrates. Catalyst recyclability was assessed over 6 cycles, revealing negligible performance decline, affirming the robustness of this catalytic system.