NIR-IIb-triggered photodynamic therapy combined with chemotherapy platform based on rare-earth-doped nanoparticles

Photodynamic therapy (PDT), with high spatiotemporal selectivity, minimal side effects and less drug resistance, has emerged as a promising approach for the treatment of cancer. However, inadequate penetration depth and poor efficacy seriously restrict its practical application. To address these challenges, we developed a combined therapy platform (RENP@C/D-FA) based on rare-earth-doped nanoparticles (RENPs) with a structure of NaErF4:Tm(0.5