A Microscopic Perspective on Moiré Materials
Nature Reviews Materials(2024)
摘要
Contemporary quantum materials research is guided by themes of topology and
of electronic correlations. A confluence of these two themes is engineered in
"moiré materials", an emerging class of highly tunable, strongly correlated
two-dimensional (2D) materials designed by the rotational or lattice
misalignment of atomically thin crystals. In moiré materials, dominant
Coulomb interactions among electrons give rise to collective electronic phases,
often with robust topological properties. Identifying the mechanisms
responsible for these exotic phases is fundamental to our understanding of
strongly interacting quantum systems, and to our ability to engineer new
material properties for potential future technological applications. In this
Review, we highlight the contributions of local spectroscopic, thermodynamic,
and electromagnetic probes to the budding field of moiré materials research.
These techniques have not only identified many of the underlying mechanisms of
the correlated insulators, generalized Wigner crystals, unconventional
superconductors, moiré ferroelectrics, and topological orbital ferromagnets
found in moiré materials, but they have also uncovered fragile quantum phases
that have evaded spatially averaged global probes. Furthermore, we highlight
recently developed local probe techniques, including local charge sensing and
quantum interference probes, that have uncovered new physical observables in
moiré materials.
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