Maximal electric power generation from varying ocean waves with LC-tuned reactive PTO force

The reactive Power Take Off (PTO) force is the key to maximizing mechanical power absorption and electric power generation of Wave Energy Converters (WECs) from ocean waves with variable frequency, but its study is limited due to its difficulty in physical realization. This paper presents a simple yet effective LC-tuned WEC that generates a tunable reactive PTO force from tunable inductor L and capacitor C in the WEC. A complete closed loop system model of the WEC is derived first, then three quantitative rules are obtained from analyzing the model. These rules are used to tune the LC network, and hence the reactive PTO force that drives the WEC, to resonate with the input wave force and generate maximal electric power over a range of wave frequencies. Mathematical analysis of the WEC and tuning rules reveals the analytical and quantitative descriptions of the WEC's mechanical power absorption, active and reactive electric power generation and power factor, optimal electric resistance load, and the generator and LC capacity requirements. Simulation results show the effectiveness and advantages of the proposed WEC and verify the analysis results.