Síndrome de metahemoglobinemia felina induzida por fármacos Drug-induced feline methemoglobinemia syndrome

Methemoglobinemia Syndrome (MS) is a clinical condition resulting from a high concentration of methemoglobin in the blood that, if left untreated, can lead to death. The formation of methemoglobin is a normal metabolic process caused by the oxidation of hemoglobin (Hb), that is, the transformation of the iron present from its ferrous state (Fe2+) to the ferric state (Fe3+), thus preventing the binding of oxygen to Hb and consequently its transport besuntivo de SMF é considerado quando o paciente veterinário apresentar cianose e baixa saturação de oxigênio, confirmada pela co-oximetria de pulso e na ausência de doença cardiopulmonar; a investigação inicial como o spot teste e exames complementares podem auxiliar no diagnóstico; o tratamento básico da SMF consiste remoção precoce do agente causador, o uso de antídotos, oxigenioterapia e no controle dos sinais clínicos y red blood cells. However, the excessive increase in MHb causes respiratory changes and tissue hypoxia due to a deficiency of circulating oxygen. Felines are very susceptible to SM, which results from hereditary changes or exposure to oxidizing chemical agents. The objective of this review was to provide current information about the etiopathogenesis, clinical and diagnostic aspects, and therapeutic management of Feline Methemoglobinemia Syndrome (MFS) caused by drugs. A literature review was conducted based on the last 10 years of publications, considering the first and classic reports. Paracetamol was the main drug cited in the literature as an etiological chemical agent; the presumptive diagnosis of MFS is considered when the veterinary patient presents cyanosis and low oxygen saturation, confirmed by pulse co-oximetry and in the absence of cardiopulmonary disease; initial investigation such as the spot test and complementary exams can help the diagnosis; The basic treatment of MFS consists of early removal of the agent, the use of antidotes, oxygen therapy and control of clinical signs.