Tunable Multimodal Guided Surface Lattice Resonances in Index-Discontinuous Environments
arxiv(2024)
Abstract
Surface lattice resonances (SLRs) in metasurfaces are promising in
applications of sub-wavelength devices.Tunable and multimodal SLRs further
enhance their appeal for flexible and multi-wavelength light-matter
interactions. While multimodal SLRs offer promising properties, their
realization often requires sophisticated designs, leading to limited
tunability. Furthermore, current high-Q SLR implementations necessitate a
homogeneous index in the operational environment, restricting potential
applications such as biosensors that are typically operated in an aqueous or
air cladding on a substrate. Here we present guided-SLRs (gSLRs) that are
easily accessible in index-discontinuous environments, offering multimodal
properties and straightforward tunability of resonances wavelengths, mode
number, and mode coupling strengths. The gSLRs are achieved by coupling
scattered light from metasurface units into a slab waveguide, creating a light
ropagating channel in the lattice plane within an index-asymmetric environment.
Tailoring the radiation pattern of individual units with guided transverse
electric (TE) and transverse magnetic (TM) modes, multimodal resonances in both
orthogonal and parallel coupling directions are accomplished. Mode number and
mode frequency positions can be easily controlled by adjusting the waveguide
configuration, while mode strength is tuned by vertical positions of lattices
in the slab. Multimodal gSLRs with strong intensities and tunable ositions
extending from visible to near-infrared range are achieved when compose
metasurfaces with gold nanoparticle-on-mirror (NPoM) cavities. This
easy-to-access, actively tunable and multimodal gSLR in inhomogeneous mediums
will advance the realization of ultrathin and ultracompact nano-optical and
optoelectronic devices.
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