EENet: Application of convolutional neural network-based deep learning methods in bone tumor pathological diagnosis

Bone tumors are one of the most common diseases in bone and soft tissue tumors, and accurate classification is crucial for developing effective treatment strategies. However, traditional pathological morphology diagnosis is subjective and uncertain, requiring highly specialized knowledge and experience. Therefore, how to efficiently and accurately classify bone tumor types based on pathological images is an urgent problem to be solved. In this study, a lightweight convolutional neural network (CNN) model called Efficient and Enhance Network (EENet) was proposed for the automatic recognition of bone tumor pathological images. The model introduced efficient channel attention (ECA) blocks to improve the efficiency of feature extraction and reduce computational complexity. A comprehensive dataset of bone pathological images, including five types of bone lesion tissues and normal bone tissue, was compiled for the research. Due to the low incidence of bone tumors and the difficulty in obtaining a large amount of data, the transfer learning method was chosen to overcome the problem of limited data volume. The experimental results from the fivefold cross-validation demonstrate that the proposed model achieves 99.06% accuracy, 99.08% precision, 99.19% recall, 99.81% specificity, and 99.03% F1-score in the bone tumor classification task, highlighting its potential as a clinical diagnostic tool.