Wave optics lensing of gravitational waves: theory and phenomenology of triple systems in the LISA band
arxiv(2024)
摘要
We study lensing of gravitational waves by a black hole in the deep wave
optics regime, i.e. when the wavelength is much larger than the black hole
Schwarzschild radius. We apply it to triple systems, with a binary of stellar
mass objects in the inspiraling phase orbiting around a central massive black
hole. We describe the full polarisation structure of the wave and derive
predictions for the polarisation modes of the scattered wave measured by the
observer. We show that lensing in the wave optics regime is not helicity
preserving, as opposed to lensing in the geometric optics regime. The amplitude
of the total wave is modulated due to interference between the directly
transmitted and lensed components. The relative amplitude of the modulation is
fixed by the lensing geometry and can reach unity in the most favourable
settings. This indicates that wave optics lensing is potentially detectable by
LISA for sufficiently high SNR systems. Our findings show that in the wave
optics regime it is necessary to go beyond the usual lensing description where
the amplification factor is assumed to be the same for both helicity modes.
While motivated by GW190521 and the AGN formation scenario, our results apply
more broadly to stellar-mass binaries orbiting a third body described as a
Schwarzschild black hole, with a period comparable to the GW observation time.
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