An integrated framework for decomposing the eco-Malmquist productivity index

The relevant study employs the conception of the Malmquist productivity index to develop eco-productivity measures alongside various decompositions. The analysis utilizing the frontier approach presents various eco-productivity components under the supporting cone and best practice eco-technology. The various eco-productivity components are presented and estimated in an illustrative empirical application for the U.S. states over two distinct periods (2000-2010 and 2010-2019). Our findings suggest that eco-productivity levels across the US states have improved over the two sample periods. This could be attributed to the increased eco-technological change levels.